The Pragmatic Approach to Characterizing Intelligence

Abstract

This paper discusses the capabilities of human intelligent behaviors, based on the definitions of intelligent, that would have been the basis for defining the characters of intelligent to be used in artificial intelligence. A large number of definitions of intelligence have been proposed by researchers as an effort to interpret the concept of intelligent, corresponding to their views and their respective fields. However, this paper deals only with the definitions of artificial intelligence researchers as to gain the focus and to allow an appropriate discussion. We gather 18 definitions and 2 discourses on intelligent behaviors particularly from scholars and philosophers in this area of study. We conduct a hermeneutic analysis with the aim of examining the behaviors or characters of intelligent and eventually identifying the common characters that reflect the concept of intelligent. The analysis indicates that there are 6 characters – planning, inventing, reasoning, learning, adapting and acting – commonly associated with intelligence. Further in this paper, we will show that these characters are the core characters or behaviors for intelligent and artificial intelligence. Our finding would also help in the development of a framework that could be considered of interoperable with pragmatic framework for machine intelligence.